Grade 10 Lit Students
Objectives:
Please read this handout. You will get a test on Tuesday November 5 on the basics of Poetry.
https://literaryterms.net/poetry/
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/american-poets-of-the-20th-century/how-to-analyze-poetry
I. What is Poetry?
II. Examples and Explanation
Example 1
Example 2
The Importance of Poetry
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/american-poets-of-the-20th-century/how-to-analyze-poetry
Objectives:
- Read tutorial
- Visit websites for additional information
- Blog comments on how to analyse a poem
Please read this handout. You will get a test on Tuesday November 5 on the basics of Poetry.
https://literaryterms.net/poetry/
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/american-poets-of-the-20th-century/how-to-analyze-poetry
POETIC DEVICES & LITERARY TERMS
USE IN POETRY ANALYSIS
I. What is Poetry?
Poetry is a type of literature based on the interplay of words
and rhythm. It often employs rhyme and meter (a set of rules governing the
number and arrangement of syllables in each line). In poetry, words are strung
together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be too complex or
abstract to describe directly.
II. Examples and Explanation
Example 1
Of all creatures that breathe
and move upon the earth,
nothing is bred that is weaker
than man.
(Homer, The Odyssey)
The Greek poet Homer wrote some of the ancient world’s most
famous literature. He wrote in a style called epic poetry, which deals with gods,
heroes, monsters, and other large-scale “epic” themes. Homer’s long poems tell stories of Greek heroes
like Achilles and Odysseus, and have inspired countless generations of poets,
novelists, and philosophers alike.
Example 2
Poetry gives powerful insight into the cultures that create it.
Because of this, fantasy and science fiction authors often create poetry for
their invented cultures. J.R.R. Tolkien famously wrote different kinds of
poetry for elves, dwarves, hobbits, and humans, and the rhythms and subject
matter of their poetry was supposed to show how these races differed from one
another. In a more humorous vein, many Star Trek fans have taken to writing
love poetry in the invented Klingon language.
The Importance of Poetry
Poetry is probably the oldest
form of literature, and probably predates the origin of writing itself. The
oldest written manuscripts we have are poems, mostly epic poems telling the
stories of ancient mythology. Examples include the Epic of Gilgamesh and the
Vedas (sacred texts of Hinduism). This style of writing may have developed to
help people memorize long chains of information in the days before writing.
Rhythm and rhyme can make the text more memorable, and thus easier to preserve
for cultures that do not have a written language.Poetry can be written with all
the same purposes as any other kind of literature – beauty, humor,
storytelling, political messages, etc.
STUDY THE FOLLOWING POETIC DEVICES. LEARN THE DEFINITIONS AND CLICK ON
THE TERMS TO SEE EXAMPLES AND GET A MORE DETAILED EXPLANATION.
WHEN FINISHED, TRY
ONE OF THE QUIZZES THAT CAN BE FOUND AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PAGE.
ALLITERATION -
is the repetition of initial consonant sounds.
ALLUSION - is a
direct or indirect reference to a familiar figure, place or event from history,
literature, mythology or the Bible.
APOSTROPHE - a
figure of speech in which a person not present is addressed.
ASSONANCE - is
a close repetition of similar vowel sounds, usually in stressed syllables.
ATMOSPHERE / MOOD -
is the prevailing feeling that is created in a story or poem.
CACOPHONY -
Harsh sounds introduced for poetic effect - sometimes words that are difficult
to pronounce.
CLICHE - an
overused expression that has lost its intended force or novelty.
CONNOTATION
- the emotional suggestions attached to words beyond their strict
definitions.
CONSONANCE -
the close repetition of identical consonant sounds before and after different
vowels.
CONTRAST - the
comparison or juxtaposition of things that are different
DENOTATION -
the dictionary meaning of words.
DISSONANCE -
the juxtaposition of harsh jarring sounds in one or more lines.
EUPHONY -
agreeable sounds that are easy to articulate.
EXTENDED METAPHOR -
an implied comparison between two things which are essentially not alike. These
points of comparison are continued throughout the selection.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE -
Language used in such a way as to force words out of their literal meanings by
emphasizing their connotations to bring new insight and feeling to the subject.
HYPERBOLE - an
exaggeration in the service of truth - an overstatement.
IDIOM - is a
term or phrase that cannot be understood by a literal translation, but refers
instead to a figurative meaning that is understood through common use.
IMAGERY - is the
representation through language of sense experience. The image
most often suggests a mental picture, but an image may also represent a sound,
smell, taste or tactile experience.
IRONY - is a
literary device which reveals concealed or contradictory meanings.
JARGON -
language peculiar to a particular trade, profession or group.
JUXTAPOSITION
- is the overlapping or mixing of opposite or different situations, characters,
settings, moods, or points of view in order to clarify meaning, purpose, or
character, or to heighten certain moods, especially humour, horror, and
suspense. also Contrast
LITERAL
LANGUAGE - what is said is based in reality without the comparisons used in
figurative language.
LITOTES
- a form of understatement in which something is said by denying the opposite.
METAPHOR - a
comparison between two things which are essentially dissimilar. The comparison
is implied rather than directly stated.
METER
- any regular pattern of rhythm based on stressed and unstressed
syllables.
METONYMY - use
of a closely related idea for the idea itself.
MOOD
- see atmosphere
ONOMATOPOEIA -
the use of words which sound like what they mean.
OXYMORON - two
words placed close together which are contradictory, yet have truth in them.
PARADOX - a
statement in which there is an apparent contradiction which is actually true.
PERSONIFICATION -
giving human attributes to an animal, object or idea.
RHYME - words
that sound alike
RHYME SCHEME -
any pattern of rhymes in poetry. Each new sound is assigned the next letter in
the alphabet.
RHYTHM - a
series of stressed or accented syllables in a group of words, arranged so that
the reader expects a similar series to follow.
SIMILE - a
comparison between two things which are essentially dissimilar. The comparison
is directly stated through words such as like, as, than or resembles.
SPEAKER
- the "voice" which seems to be telling the poem. Not the same as the
poet; this is like a narrator.
SYMBOL - a
symbol has two levels of meaning, a literal level and a figurative level.
Characters, objects, events and settings can all be symbolic in that they
represent something else beyond themselves.
SYNEDOCHE - the
use of a part for the whole idea.
THEME
- is the central idea of the story, usually implied rather than directly
stated. It is the writer's idea abut life and can be implied or directly stated
through the voice of the speaker. It should not be confused with moral or plot.
TONE - is the
poet's attitude toward his/her subject or readers. it is similar to tone of
voice but should not be confused with mood or atmosphere. An author's tone
might be sarcastic, sincere, humourous . . .
TROPE - a
figure of speech in which a word is used outside its literal meaning. Simile
and metaphor are the two most common tropes.
UNDERSTATEMENT -
this is saying less than what you mean in the service of truth.
VOICE - the
creating and artistic intelligence that we recognize behind any speaker.
https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/a/american-poets-of-the-20th-century/how-to-analyze-poetry
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